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1. What was one of the design goals of the early Internet?
   
   1. To be robust against floods
   2. To be robust against nuclear attack
   3. To be robust against the possible breakup of AT&T
   4. To provide encrypted telnet sessoins
   5. All of the above

2. Which port does SMTP use?
   (enter a port number)

3. Which is the client, and which is the server?
   
   1. Netscape is the server, and Internet Explorer is the client
   2. Internet Explorer is the server, and HTTPD is the client
   3. HTTPD is the server, and Netscape is the client
   4. Netscape is the client, and Internet Explorer is the server
   5. None of the above

4. Which of the below was developed first?
   
   1. Netscape
   2. Mosaic
   3. Internet Explorer
   4. Internet Explorer and Netscape were developed at the same time
   5. All of the above were developed at about the same time

5. Which organization was active in early Web development?
   
   1. The University of Chicago
   2. The University of Toronto
   3. CERN
   4. FermiLab
   5. None of the above

6. On Ruby, what is the size of the file /export/htdocs/inls181/blank.html?
   

7. In Unix, what is the difference between grep -c and grep -i? (Hint: can you get online information about Unix command options?)
   
   1. grep -i is for binary (image) files, grep -c is for text (character) files
   2. grep -i is insensitive to the file size, grep -c is characteristic of the file size
   3. grep -i is for multiple files, grep -c is for single files
   4. grep -i is case insensitive, grep -c counts the number of matching lines
   5. None of the above

   For questions 8-10: There are errors in the HTML file: /export/htdocs/inls181/examfile.html (on Ruby). Identify three errors:

8. First error:
9. Second error:
10. Third error:

11. What is true about TCP?
    
    1. It works in cooperation with IP
    2. It works in cooperation with UDP
    3. It is used for SMTP, but not telnet
    4. It is used for FTP, but not telnet
    5. It will be replaced by a new version of IP

12. What are differences among methods for creating HTML files?
    
    1. Both Netscape Composer and Dreamweaver are free
    2. Internet Explorer has advanced editing capabilities
    3. Pico is a WYSIWYG editor that makes extensive use of the mouse
    4. FrontPage may create HTML that works differently with Internet Explorer than with Netscape
    5. None of the above are true

13. What are some potential problems with electronic mailing lists?
    
    1. LISTSERV and Majordomo have somewhat different syntax and features
    2. Some mailing lists have very little or no traffic
    3. Some mailing lists have too much traffic
    4. (b) and (c) are potential problems
    5. All of the above are potential problems

14. What are differences between mailing lists and newsgroups?
    
    1. When you subscribe to a newsgroup, your server starts to receive that newsgroup's content
    2. When you subscribe to a mailing list, you get a personal copy of all the mailing list's content
    3. Mailing list reading software is designed to prevent you from seeing messages
    4. Newsgroup reading software is designed to prevent you from seeing messages
    5. Both (b) and (d) are correct

15. What is true about the IETF?
    
    1. They have been replaced by ICANN (www.icann.org)
    2. They have been replaced by the Internic (www.internic.net)
    3. They address Internet engineering issues and policies
    4. They develop new versions of HTML
    5. (a) and (c) are true

16. Which is an accurate statement about IRC consortia?
    
    1. They share the same channels
    2. The servers in the consortia are in constant communication
    3. Anyone can run a server, including PC-based servers
    4. (a) and (b) are accurate statements
    5. All of the above are accurate statements

17. What do Web-based conferences resemble?
    
    1. Mailing lists, because everyone gets a copy of all messages
    2. IRC, because no log of discussions is typically kept
    3. HTML, because a valid <DOCTYPE> tag is required for all messages
    4. Newsgroups, because subscribers do not automatically get an individual copy of all of the conference's content
    5. None of the above

18. With Ruby's httpd, if a URL doesn't include a specific filename (only a directory name), what file is sent back to the requesting Web browser?
    
    1. No file is sent, and a "404 error" is generated
    2. All the files in the directory are sent
    3. The file "index.html", if it exists
    4. The file "welcome.html", if it exists
    5. None of the above

19. What program in the SILS computer lab might be best for editing scanned photo images?
    
    1. Microsoft Word
    2. Netscape Composer
    3. Adobe Photoshop
    4. Macromedia Dreamweaver
    5. All of the above have similar photo editing capabilities

20. What is a potential problem with scanning?
    
    1. The files from scanned images might be very large
    2. Scanners only work with GIF format files, but you might want TIFF
    3. Scanners usually can't handle images very well
    4. Scanners usually can't handle text very well
    5. None of the above

21. What is required for a U.S. copyright to be in effect?
    
    1. The word "Copyright" followed by the year of publication must be included in the copyrighted item
    2. The copyrighted item must be stored in a tangible form
    3. A circle-C ("©") must be present
    4. The item must be registered with the U.S. Copyright Office in Washington, D.C.
    5. (a) and (c) are both required

22. Which of the below organizations is most directly involved with Internet privacy?
    
    1. eTRUST
    2. The FCC
    3. The CIA
    4. The IETF
    5. None of the above

23. What is true about animated GIFs?
    
    1. Multiple animated GIFs need to be separated into several non-animated JPEG files
    2. Multiple JPEG files need to be combined into one animated JPEG file
    3. Multiple GIF files need to be combined into one animated HTML file
    4. Multiple GIF files need to be combined into one animated GIF file
    5. None of the above

24. What new HTML features might XML enable?
    
    1. Adding color to Web pages
    2. Creating new graphics formats such as QPEG
    3. Implementing a new tag, <META>
    4. Making it possible to use a <DOCTYPE> tag
    5. None of the above

25. How might the First Ammendment be applied to the Internet?
    
    1. To protect the rights of spammers
    2. To protect "fighting words"
    3. To protect obscenity
    4. To protect libel and slander
    5. (b), (c) and (d) above

26. What is true about the number system used to specify colors in HTML pages, for example: <BODY bgcolor="#00ff00">
    
    1. The numbers are binary (base 2)
    2. The numbers are decimal (base 10)
    3. The numbers are duodecimal (base 12)
    4. The numbers are hexadecimal (base 16)
    5. It depends on what version of HTML is being used

27. What might be a factor in choosing a Web search engine?
    
    1. Whether there is good searching help
    2. The number of Web pages indexed
    3. How frequently the search engine gathers/spiders
    4. All of the above
    5. None of the above

28. What is useful about MIME?
    
    1. It enables the exchange of email programs such as Eudora and Outlook Express
    2. It lets people view Microsoft Word files sent with email, even if they do not have a program that can display Microsoft Word files
    3. It provides built-in help for choosing between "binary" or "ascii" file transfer
    4. All of the above
    5. None of the above

29. What is true about FTP?
    
    1. It was one of the original purposes of the Internet
    2. It was developed after HTTPD
    3. It is the only Internet protocol that does not use the IP
    4. It uses two separate Internet ports
    5. (a) and (d) are true

30. Which statement about computer-mediated communication is true?
    
    1. Email is synchronous,. while chatting is asynchronous
    2. Email is asynchronous, while Usenet is synchronous
    3. Web pages are synchronous, while Usenet is asynchronous
    4. Email and Usenet are both asynchronous
    5. Email and Usenet are both synchronous